READING RULES • ON'YOMI VS KUN'YOMI

On'yomi vs. Kun'yomi Cheat Sheet: When to Use Each Kanji Reading (+ Printable Chart)

How do you know whether 水 is read 'mizu' (Kun'yomi) or 'sui' (On'yomi)? Use our 4-rule decision matrix and side-by-side reading chart below.

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THE 4 GOLDEN READING RULES

How to Instantly Know Whether to Use On'yomi or Kun'yomi

1. Standalone Kanji → Kun'yomi

A single kanji by itself is a native Japanese word: 水 (みず mizu), 山 (やま yama), 人 (ひと hito).

2. Kanji + Hiragana (Okurigana) → Kun'yomi

Trailing hiragana attaches to verbs & i-adjectives: 食べる (たべる taberu), 新しい (あたらしい atarashii).

3. 2+ Kanji Compound (Jukugo) → On'yomi

When kanjis lock together with no hiragana between them, use On'yomi: 水曜 (すいよう suiyō), 先生 (せんせい sensei).

4. Body Parts, Nature & Names → Often Kun-Kun

Everyday concrete pairs like 手紙 (てがみ tegami), 入口 (いりぐち iriguchi), and 出口 (でぐち deguchi) stay Kun'yomi.

人 Person
人 (Person) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: にんKUN: ひとON + KUN

Ninja (にん) hitman (ひと) wearing jeans (じん), working at Nintendo... just your typical Japanese person...

一 One
一 (One) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: いちKUN: ひとON + KUN

The boy hit-o (ひと) his knee and now it’s itchy (いち). Thank God it’s-u (いつ) just one knee.

日 Sun, Day
日 (Sun, Day) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: にちKUN: ひON + KUN

In a bright sun beam (び), Mr. Hiroki (ひ) can finally see why his “knee is itchy” (にち)! Must be from all the karate (か) and jiu-jitsu (じつ)!

大 Big
大 (Big) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: たいKUN: おおON + KUN

“Ooooo!!” (おお), what a fight! Definitely no tie (たい) today, the big guy will win all the diamonds (だい)...

年 Year
年 (Year) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ねんKUN: としON + KUN

Ms. Toe-shi (とし), always wearing linen (ねん), makes every year fun for us...

出 Exit
出 (Exit) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しゅつKUN: でON + KUN

The man pleaded: “I’m exit-ing! Don’t shoots-u (しゅつ)!”... But the dark (だ) evil samurai wanted him dead (で) anyway...

本 Book
本 (Book) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ほんKUN: もとON + KUN

The boy in Hong Kong, is reading a book about Honda (ほん) Motors (もと).

中 Middle
中 (Middle) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ちゅうKUN: なかON + KUN

If chewing (ちゅう) gum is all natural calories (なか), then why... cut it in the middle?!!

子 Child
子 (Child) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しKUN: こON + KUN

Just a happy child with his pet sheep (し) eating cold (こ) soup (す)...

見 See
見 (See) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: けんKUN: みON + KUN

When you See Mr. Ken (けん) giving out free samples, scream: “me! me! me! (み)”

国 Country
国 (Country) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: こくKUN: くにON + KUN

For some reason, the coke (こく) country king, has really cool knees (くに)...

上 Up, Above
上 (Up, Above) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: じょうKUN: うえON + KUN

Ever since the plant grew above (あ) ground, it’s been way (うえ) too many jokes (じょう)...

分 Divide
分 (Divide) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ぶんKUN: わON + KUN

The man divided the sacred log, and the city was hit by a typhoon (ふん) of waffle-throwing (わ) baboons (ぶ or ぶん)

生 Life
生 (Life) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: せいKUN: いON + KUN

The tree of life on the shore (しょう) protects the city from evil (い) kittens (き) in hats (は). All with its light saber (せい) and oolong tea (う).

行 Go
行 (Go) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: こうKUN: いON + KUN

Just a bunch of gyozas (ぎょう) in coats (こう) eating (い) yuzu (ゆ) screaming “go!”, playing on a slide...

二 Two
二 (Two) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: にKUN: ふたON + KUN

Knee (に) connects Two crucial parts that make your foot (ふた) work.

間 Interval, Space
間 (Interval, Space) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: かんKUN: あいだON + KUN

Ken (けん), the baby sun, is eating candy (かん) in the empty space, while waiting for his eye doctor (あいだ) ma (ま).

時 Time
時 (Time) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: じKUN: ときON + KUN

In the old Toki-o (とき) Jesus (じ) rang the church bell so you could tell the time...

十 Ten
十 (Ten) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: じゅうKUN: とおON + KUN

Samurai won a stack of jewels (じゅう) for the 10/10 sword performance, all done on his toes (とお).

女 Woman
女 (Woman) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: じょKUN: おんなON + KUN

On a (おんな) good day, new (にょ) baby, is the best job (じょ) a woman can have.

三 Three
三 (Three) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: さんKUN: みON + KUN

Even a mini (み) sandwich (さん) still has three distinct parts.

前 Front
前 (Front) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ぜんKUN: まえON + KUN

Front row seats for the zen (ぜん) maestro (まえ) performance.

入 Enter
入 (Enter) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: にゅうKUN: はいON + KUN

When entering a new (にゅう) tent with an eagle (い) design, make sure to first say hi (はい)....

小 Small
小 (Small) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しょうKUN: ちいON + KUN

The Chief (ちい) Shogun (しょう) was impressed with the intricate details on the small needle.

長 Long
長 (Long) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ちょうKUN: ながON + KUN

Nagano City (なが) is all about long-necks, long scarves, and eating nachos (ちょう).

下 Below
下 (Below) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: かKUN: したON + KUN

Just a cool dark (くだ) cat (か) in awesome (お) shittake (した) hat drinking from a geyser (げ) deep below the ground...

学 Study
学 (Study) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: がくKUN: まなON + KUN

For some reason, this boy loves studying his gas cooker (がく) manual (まな)...

月 Moon
月 (Moon) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: げつKUN: つきON + KUN

It takes guts-u (がつ) to get-su (げつ) to the moon and retrieve the tsunami key (つき)...

来 Come
来 (Come) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: らいKUN: くON + KUN

Cool (く), lucky (き) tourists come from all over Japan, to see the original rice (らい) grain.

話 Talk
話 (Talk) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: わKUN: はなしON + KUN

Hannah, she (はなし) can't believe she got a waffle (わ) cake and her dream talking cat for birthday!!

山 Mountain
山 (Mountain) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: さんKUN: やまON + KUN

If it’s cloudy, drive up the Mountain on your yamaha (やま). There is always sun (さん) at the top.

高 Tall
高 (Tall) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: こうKUN: たかON + KUN

Don’t dare attack-a (たか) the Tall Koala (こう) Headquarters, they are heavily guarded!!

今 Now
今 (Now) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: こんKUN: いまON + KUN

The Lima (いま) times reported that the con-artist (こん) who changed all the clocks to “Now” has finally been caught.

書 Write
書 (Write) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しょKUN: かON + KUN

A girl is writing a very short (しょ) story about kangaroos (か)...

五 Five
五 (Five) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ごKUN: いつON + KUN

Number five it’s(u) (いつ) actually just a golf (ご) cart.

名 Name
名 (Name) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: めいKUN: なON + KUN

It’s May (めい) the ninth (な), and you’re about to sign your name on a very important document.

金 Gold
金 (Gold) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: きんKUN: かねON + KUN

King’s (きん) gold crown rests in a concrete (こん) enclosure with the calm neighbor (かね), Canada (かな).

男 Man
男 (Man) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: だんKUN: おとこON + KUN

Last package and the Indian man is done (だん)!! He can go home, eat naan (なん) and his favorite orange tofu cone (おとこ)...

外 Outside
外 (Outside) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: がいKUN: そとON + KUN

Outside his tent, a chill gay (げ) guy (がい) with a sore toe (と or そと), is doing yoga with his hot cat (ほか)...

四 Four
四 (Four) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しKUN: よんON + KUN

The birds were surprised, the sheep (し) is doing another four-second-yawn (よん) again!!

先 Previous, Ahead
先 (Previous, Ahead) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: せんKUN: まON + KUN

The magnetic (ま) samurai run ahead of everyone, sending (せん) his previous life bye-bye...

川 River
川 (River) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: せんKUN: かわON + KUN

A river car-wash (かわ) center (せん)? Why not...

東 East
東 (East) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: とうKUN: ひがしON + KUN

Sun always rises in the east, eating toast (とう), pure heat from galaxy shipment (ひがし).

聞 Listen, Hear
聞 (Listen, Hear) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ぶんKUN: きON + KUN

The man in kimono (き) is listening in on the conversation of a monster (もん) buying a bootleg necklace (ぶん).

語 Language
語 (Language) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ごKUN: かたON + KUN

If Genghis Khan wants to talk about about overpriced gondola (ご) rides, he first needs to put down his kata-na (かた) and study the english language.

食 Food
食 (Food) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しょくKUN: たON + KUN

The cool (く) daikon in a tank-top (た) is shocked (しょく) that he may soon become food...

八 Eight
八 (Eight) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: はちKUN: やON + KUN

Yaa (や) kids coming out of secret hatches (はち) to play on the forbidden yolo (よう) eight meter slide...

水 Water
水 (Water) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: すいKUN: みずON + KUN

Missou-ri (みず) free water looks super i-nteresting (すい)...

天 Heaven
天 (Heaven) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: てんKUN: あまON + KUN

God and his angel llamas (あま) are always waiting on top of the ten (てん) step staircase to heaven.

木 Tree
木 (Tree) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: もくKUN: きON + KUN

The tree is mocking (もく) us, it knows we got no keys (き)...

六 Six
六 (Six) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ろくKUN: むON + KUN

Mr. Six moves (む) rocket-fast! (ろく). Why is he still in the 6th place?

白 White
白 (White) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: はくKUN: しろON + KUN

She wrote (しろ) the code to hack-u (はく) the white radish server.

七 Seven
七 (Seven) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しちKUN: ななON + KUN

She cheated (しち), and still got only seven percent. That’s bananas! (なな).

父 Father
父 (Father) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ふKUN: ちちON + KUN

Father stays strong by exercising using food (ふ): cheeky peachy (ちち) dumbbells.

北 North
北 (North) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ほくKUN: きたON + KUN

Whole crew (ほく) of Akitas (きた) went up north skiing...

車 Car
車 (Car) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: しゃKUN: くるまON + KUN

Cool, roof-less, Mazda (くるま) car, doing crazy sharp (しゃ) turns...

母 Mother
母 (Mother) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ぼKUN: ははON + KUN

With mom I’m never bored (ぼ), it’s always a haha (はは) time!!

半 Half
半 (Half) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: はんKUN: なかON + KUN

Of course, Mr. handsome (はん) naturally cut (なか) a bunch of logs perfectly in half!!

百 Hundred
百 (Hundred) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ひゃくKUN: ももON + KUN

Slow-mo motion (もも) Hyacinth Cool (ひゃく) Town is now a hundred years old!!

土 Dirt
土 (Dirt) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: どKUN: つちON + KUN

Toes (と) in the dirt and dog (ど) by his side, the tsunami chief (つち) lives a simple life...

西 West
西 (West) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: せいKUN: にしON + KUN

When Japanese travel West, they stay safe (せい) with their niche (にし) special suitcase.

読 Read
読 (Read) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: とうKUN: よON + KUN

Stop texting yo (よ)! I’m reading my toe (とう) book.

千 Thousand
千 (Thousand) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: せんKUN: ちON + KUN

Thousand is just a fancy letter T, made out of a thousand cents (せん), wearing a cheap (ち) hat...

右 Right
右 (Right) Kanji Mnemonic Poster Card
ON: ゆうKUN: みぎON + KUN

Geeky youths (ゆう) really love the Me Geek (みぎ) restaurant, just right of H&M.

人 Person にん 一 One いち 日 Sun, Day にち 大 Big たい 年 Year ねん 出 Exit しゅつ 本 Book ほん 中 Middle ちゅう 子 Child し 見 See けん 国 Country こく 上 Up, Above じょう 分 Divide ぶん 生 Life せい 行 Go こう 二 Two に 間 Interval, Space かん 時 Time じ 十 Ten じゅう 女 Woman じょ 三 Three さん 前 Front ぜん 入 Enter にゅう 小 Small しょう 長 Long ちょう 下 Below か 学 Study がく 月 Moon げつ 来 Come らい 話 Talk わ 山 Mountain さん 高 Tall こう 今 Now こん 書 Write しょ 五 Five ご 名 Name めい 金 Gold きん 男 Man だん 外 Outside がい 四 Four し 先 Previous, Ahead せん 川 River せん 東 East とう 聞 Listen, Hear ぶん 語 Language ご 食 Food しょく 八 Eight はち 水 Water すい 天 Heaven てん 木 Tree もく 六 Six ろく 白 White はく 七 Seven しち 父 Father ふ 北 North ほく 車 Car しゃ 母 Mother ぼ 半 Half はん 百 Hundred ひゃく 土 Dirt ど 西 West せい 読 Read とう 千 Thousand せん 右 Right ゆう
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